Reverse proxy configuration help
jims
nginx-forum at nginx.us
Wed Feb 20 17:17:10 UTC 2013
Jonathan,
I just want to thank you for helping a newbie out, once again. Your advice
helped me to get things going,
Now I get to fine-tune it...
jims Wrote:
-------------------------------------------------------
> Jonathan Matthews Wrote:
> -------------------------------------------------------
> > On 18 February 2013 15:06, jims <nginx-forum at nginx.us> wrote:
> > > I am new to nginx, it being recommended to solve a problem.
> >
> > [ Having read your mail, this kind of reverse proxying is exactly
> what
> > nginx is very good at; I think you're just trying to do too much,
> too
> > quickly, and need to step back from the problem for a moment to
> > identify what your first steps should be; then iterate from simple
> to
> > complex behaviours, only moving forward once each behaviour works
> > successfully. ]
> >
> Point taken. Going straight for the desired end result doesn't always
> save time...
>
> Thanks for your response, Jonathan. It has been helpful. Read on for
> responses to your comments...
>
> > > The problem: I have a VPS hosting a website and an application
> > server in my
> > > DMZ. I have a test and prod version of each. I want both DMZ'ed
> > servers
> > > reverse-proxied such that requests where the referrer is the test
> > web server
> > > always go to the test app server and requests where the referrer
> is
> > anything
> > > but the test web server always go to the production app server.
> >
> > When you say "referrer", do you really mean the referrer as
> > distinguished by client-originated HTTP headers? I wouldn't do
> that,
> > personally ...
> >
> When I say "referrer" I mean the site where the link is presented to
> the end user. If that is what is "distinguished by client-originated
> HTTP headers" then yes.
> The desired result is that if a person is in our pool of testers and
> is testing the development website, any app server link (although
> pointing putatively to the production app server) would be sent to the
> reverse-proxy that's front-ending the test app server. The idea is to
> minimize unauthorized traffic to the test server. By using only links
> that get to the production app server, if someone saves the link and
> tries again later, they will hit the production app server's
> reverse-proxy front-end. They would only hit our test app server if
> they are actively testing for us. Once testing is complete, the
> proven code can be promoted to te production webste without having to
> deal with changing test links to prod links in the process Those who
> will be maintaining the links ongoing should not be expected either to
> change links as part of a move-to-production or to have to learn how
> to put variables into all the links, and we would not have to modify
> the CMS to handle links with variables - they should be able to copy
> and paste to create links, which resulting content should be able to
> be promoted to production without change, or it defeats the purpose of
> using a modern content-management system.
> > > The app servers can only be accessed over https, and the proxy
> will
> > > eventually but not quite yet.
> >
> > That last part may be more of an issue for you, as you'll discover
> you
> > need an IP address per SSL site you want to host.
> >
> Normally, yes, and each of the app server hostnames has its own
> registered IP address now, with trusted certs associated. We are
> working on obtaining a wildcard cert which we'd use for the proxy as
> well as the website, and will add IP addresses to the proxy if
> necessary. I would hope that, since we want the proxy to choose
> between two back-end app servers for the same front-end uri, depending
> on whether or not there is a referrer of the development website, one
> IP should be all that's needed on the front-end, correct?
> > > Question: What is the best way to accomplish this? I am trying
> to
> > use two
> > > different registered host names which are registered to the
> > secondary IP on
> > > the VPS, as the proxied names for the app servers, but that's not
> > working
> > > too well. I wonder if it would be better to have a single server
> > name for
> > > the proxy with the two proxied servers selected based on
> referrer,
> > rather
> > > than trying to redirect to another server name, with one server
> name
> > > servicing one proxied server and the other, the other proxied
> > server.
> >
> > Goodness, no. I wouldn't /touch/ referer headers for HTTP routing.
> So
> > unreliable!
> >
> OK. How would you recommend ensuring that if you click on a link on
> our dev site, it goes to the proxied test app server but if you access
> that same URL in any other way, whether by way of a link on the prod
> website, a bookmark, someone emailing you the link - the request goes
> to the proxied prod app server? As I said, I'm an nginx newb, so
> monosyllabic responses are appreciated... ;)
> > > Regardless, I can't seem to get past the connection to the
> backend
> > server.
> > > I keep getting a 110 connection failure. I have tried several
> > > configurations but none seem to work.
> >
> > What does a connection, via telnet/netcat, from the server, show
> you?
> >
> I get a connection. I haven't figured out the right HTTP command to
> send to get a valid response yet, but I get a response - not a
> timeout.
> > > The problem I'm running into may be related to use of the
> > valid_referers
> > > directive. It doesn't seem to do what I need, which is to use
> one
> > back-end
> > > for requests referred from one web server host but use the other
> for
> > all
> > > other requests.
> >
> > I may be repeating a single tune here, but I would really force
> your
> > business to re-examine your requirements if you think this is
> > desirable behaviour.
> >
> See my earlier response explaining the business requirement, to
> understand why this is a desireable behavior.
> > > If I have two server directives with the same IP but two
> different
> > server
> > > names, it seems I can't have two location directives, one within
> > each server
> > > name.
> >
> > Each server may have zero or more location directives.
> > Each location belongs to exactly one server stanza.
> >
> > I don't understand exactly what you think doesn't work, but if it
> > contradicts the above 2 lines, then it's not legal nginx config.
> >
> If you look at the example conf I posted, that configuration - two
> separate server stanzas, each with a location directive, and I get
> that message. I probably have something else misconfigured. Again,
> newb...
> > > If I could get that to work, it seems to me it should allow me
> to
> > > redirect to the default app server using the valid_referers
> > directive within
> > > the referrer-specific app server's server directive, but that
> > doesn't seem
> > > to work the way I expect, either.
> >
> > When you say "redirect" here, you really mean "reverse proxy",
> don't
> > you?
> > "Redirecting" is a very specific, unrelated thing in
> HTTP-server-speak
> > .
> The redirect is a redirect - telling nginx to use a different
> reverse-proxy "upstream" server from what it would normally use based
> on the URL in the request. However, if there is a better way to get
> the same result I am all for it. For example, a method whereby the
> same front-end url chooses an upstream server based on the
> valid_referer criterion, or whatever it is you would recommend other
> than the referrer,.
> >
> > > I don't have a config file to post because it has gone through a
> > dozen
> > > iterations already, none of which have been saved.
> >
> > apt-get install git-core :-P
> >
> I don't want to install apt on my centos server :/ How 'bout 'yum
> install git-core?'
> > > A generic example of
> > > one that doesn't work would be :
> > > server {
> > > listen 10.10.10.10:80;
> > > server_name devappxy.mydomain.com;
> > > valid_referers devweb.mydomain.com;
> > > if ($invalid_referer) {
> > > return 301 http://apppxy.mydomain.com$request_uri;
> > > }
> > > proxy_bind 10.10.10.10;
> > > access_log /var/log/nginx/devpxyaccess.log main;
> > > error_log /var/log/nginx/devpxyerror.log debug;
> > > location / {
> > > proxy_pass https://devapp.mydomain.com;
> > > proxy_redirect https://devapp.mydomain.com / ;
> > > }
> > > }
> > > server {
> > > listen 10.10.10.10:80 ;
> > > server_name apppxy.mydomain.com ;
> > > proxy_bind 10.10.10.10 ;
> > > access_log /var/log/nginx/pxyaccess.log main ;
> > > error_log /var/log/nginx/pxyerror.log debug ;
> > > location / {
> > > proxy_pass https://prodapp.mydomain.com ;
> > > proxy_redirect https://prodapp.mydomain.com / ;
> > > }
> > > }
> > >
> >
> > The only real problem I can see is that you don't have a resolver
> > specified, so nginx doesn't know how to resolve the app FQDNs.
> > Irrespective of this, there are much nicer ways to achieve this,
> which
> > might use:
> >
> > * Nginx maps to translate from client Host header to backend FQDN.
> Would that work if the goal is to direct traffic based on where you're
> coming from? I will explore...
> > * Access/error logs specified using variables, but DRY them out at
> a
> > higher level than per-server (i.e. state them once, globally, at
> the
> > http level.
> The logs are specified at per-server to quickly identify where the
> failure lies. They will be only at the nginx.conf http level when I
> have a suceessful configuration.
> > * A single server stanza, switching between backends.
> >
> I like the idea - I'm just stuck on how to get it to switch based on
> where the client is coming from...
> > I could write a version that uses these concepts for you, but I'd
> be
> > depriving you of the educational and life-affirming journey of
> Getting
> > There Yourself if I did ;-)
> >
> > If you want to get the best possible help with this, reduce the
> > clutter in your example/failing config (i.e. make the smallest
> > possible config that doesn't do what you think it /should/ do), and
> > re-engage with the list.
> >
> > > When I do that it says "location" directive isn't allowed here...
> >
> > When you do what?
> >
> When I set up my included config file to use the two-server-stanza
> configuration I posted (with hostnames/addresses pointing to real-life
> stuff, of course) that's what I get when issuing the service restart.
> > Jonathan
> > --
> > Jonathan Matthews // Oxford, London, UK
> > http://www.jpluscplusm.com/contact.html
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > nginx mailing list
> > nginx at nginx.org
> > http://mailman.nginx.org/mailman/listinfo/nginx
>
> Thanks again - you've been quite helpful.
>
> Jim.
Posted at Nginx Forum: http://forum.nginx.org/read.php?2,236278,236361#msg-236361
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